Nicolas Sarkozy

Nicolas Sarkozy was the President of the French Republic from 2007 to 2012.

Nicolas Sarkozy (full name Nicolas, Paul, Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa) was born on January 28, 1955, in Paris (17th district), France.

Married first to Marie-Dominique Culioli on September 23, 1982. The divorce was finalized in 1996.

Married to Cecilia Maria Sara Isabel Ciganer-Albeniz (born on November 12, 1957, in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine - France) on October 23, 1996.

Father: Pál Sárközy de Nagybocsa (advertising executive) was born on May 5, 1928, in Budapest, Hungary (family ennobled by Emperor Ferdinand II, King of Bohemia and Hungary in 1628). In 1948, he Frenchified his name to Paul Sarkozy de Nagy-Bocsa. Mother: Andrée Mallah (daughter of a surgeon from the 17th district of Paris and Adèle Bouvier) a lawyer at the Nanterre bar, France.

Brothers: Guillaume Sarkozy born in 1952 (executive in the textile industry) François Sarkozy born in 1957 (pediatrician)

Children: Pierre Sarkozy born in 1985 (son from his marriage with Marie-Dominique Culioli) Jean Sarkozy born in 1987 (son from his marriage with Mari-Dominique Culioli)

Children:

Louis Sarkozy born in 1997 (son from his marriage to Cecilia Ciganer-Albeniz Sarkozy).

Judith born on August 22, 1984 (daughter from Cecilia Ciganer-Albeniz's first marriage).

Jeanne-Marie born on June 8, 1987 (daughter from Cecilia Ciganer-Albeniz's first marriage).

1959: Paul Sarkozy de Nagy-Bocsa leaves the marital home. He will remarry three times. From his second marriage, he will have two other children: Caroline and Olivier.

1982: On September 23, Nicolas Sarkozy marries Marie-Dominique Culioli (daughter of a pharmacist from Vico in Corsica) with whom he will have two sons: Pierre born in 1985 and Jean born in 1987. He will divorce in 1996.

1986: Nicolas Sarkozy meets Cecilia Maria Sara Isabel Ciganer-Albeniz.

1988: Cecilia Ciganer-Albeniz leaves her husband and obtains a divorce in 1989.

1996: On October 23, he marries Cecilia Ciganer-Albeniz. They will have a son, Louis, born in 1997.

2007: On October 18, the official separation of Cecilia Ciganer-Albeniz and Nicolas Sarkozy.

End of 2007 - Beginning of 2008: Private life, public life: the characteristic of the first months of the presidency is the unabashed display of the Head of State's private life.

End of December 2007: The relationship between Nicolas Sarkozy and Carla Bruni becomes public and headlines all the "people" magazines.

February 2008: Nicolas Sarkozy's whirlwind marriage to Carla Bruni on February 2, 2008, at the Elysée.

March 23, 2008: Cecilia Ciganer-Albeniz (formerly Sarkozy) remarries (for the 3rd time) to the advertising executive Richard Attias.

Degrees: Master's degree in private law, Advanced Studies Diploma (DEA) in Political Science, Certificate of Aptitude for the Legal Profession (CAPA).

Profession: Lawyer.

Mandates: Municipal Councilor (1977-1983), Mayor of Neuilly (1983-2002), President of the General Council since 2004, Deputy of Hauts-de-Seine (1988-1993, 1995-2002), Minister of the Budget and Government Spokesman (1993-1995), Minister of the Interior (2002-2004 and 2005-2007), Minister of the Economy (2004), President of the UMP (since 2004).

College: Chaptal Public High School.

1975: Baccalauréat B at the private Saint-Louis de Montceau High School.

1978: Master's degree in private law at the University of Paris X.

1980: DEA in political science (Dissertation on the referendum of April 27, 1969.)

1981: Obtains the CAPA (Certificate of Aptitude for the Legal Profession).

Becomes a collaborator of lawyer Guy Danet and then one of the three partners of the Parisian law firm "Leibovici - Claude - Sarkozy".

1974: Joins the UDR (Union of Democrats for the Republic).

1975: Departmental delegate of the youth of Hauts-de-Seine.

1976: Joins the RPR (Rally for the Republic). Becomes head of the Neuilly section.

1977: Secretary of the Neuilly-Puteaux constituency.

1977: Elected municipal councilor of Neuilly-sur-Seine.

1980: President of the youth support committee for Jacques Chirac's candidacy.

1983: At 28 years old, he becomes mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine.

1987-1988: Assigned to a mission.

1989: At 34 years old, he becomes a deputy.

1993: At 38 years old, he becomes Minister of the Budget.

1995-1997: He goes through a difficult period politically.

1997-1999: General Secretary of the RPR. He resigns from the interim presidency of the RPF on June 14, 1999.

2001: Attends the 25th anniversary of the creation of the RPR.

2002: Reelected deputy of Puteaux and Neuilly-sur-Seine, during the legislative elections.

2002: Supports the reelection of Jacques Chirac. Chirac prefers Jean-Pierre Raffarin as Prime Minister but appoints him Minister of the Interior.

2003: "He leads a vigorous fight against the resurgence of anti-Semitic acts in France. This action against anti-Semitism is praised by the Simon Wiesenthal Center, the central consistory of France.

March 2004: Appointed Minister of State, Minister of the Economy, Finance, and Industry (in the third government of Jean-Pierre Raffarin. He held this position for 9 months).

2004: He announces his intention to run for the 2007 presidential election. During his televised interview on July 14, 2004, Jacques Chirac requires him to choose between this last position and the ministry.

September 2004: Decreases the state's stake in France Télécom from 50.4% to 41%.

September 2004: Concludes the change in status of EDF and GDF. Announces the partial privatization of the Areva group.

November 2004 Congress: Elected president of the UMP. Submits his resignation to Jacques Chirac and Jean-Pierre Raffarin.

2005-2007: Minister of the Interior (Villepin Government)

May 2005: The Raffarin government resigns (following the negative result of the referendum on the European Constitutional Treaty). He is then appointed Minister of State, Minister of the Interior and Spatial Planning.

September 2005: He urges prefects to be firm against those who threaten the security of the "French".

January 2006: Announcement of the implementation of a CPE (First Employment Contract) (aim: to reduce youth unemployment - Dominique de Villepin). This raises strong protests and Nicolas Sarkozy distances himself from the project.

March 2006: Announcement of the modification of the CPE by Jacques Chirac. Design of the new law at the UMP.

April 2006: Announcement of the "replacement" of the CPE with measures more targeted at unqualified youths. (Announcement made by Jacques Chirac).

2006: Law related to immigration and integration.

July 24, 2007: Bulgarian nurses: Released and transferred to Bulgaria on a plane of the French Republic.

June 25, 2007: Paris conference on Darfur (Organized by Nicolas Sarkozy and the Foreign Affairs Minister Bernard Kouchner.

July 31, 2007: UN unanimously approves the deployment of troops to Darfur.

July 2007: Proposes the candidacy of Dominique Strauss Kahn for the presidency of the IMF. The candidacy is supported by Europeans.

July 8-10, 2007: European summit. Nicolas Sarkozy advocates for a "simplified treaty" among European partners. This project is adopted on June 23, 2007 (although it required long negotiations, especially with Polish President Lech Kaczynski).

Nicolas Sarkozy is opposed to Turkey's entry into the European Community because he considers it to be located in Asia Minor and not in Europe, and also because it does not comply with the Ankara Protocol.